The most common adverse reactions in our analysis were gastrointestinal system damage, skin and its appendage damage. Meta-Analysis of Efficacy of Oseltamivir and Substitution Therapy for Anti- H1n1 Infection. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. LHQW capsules not only had hemagglutination inhibition activity against B/Guangzhou/0215/2012 of influenza B virus, but also inhibited the over-expression of RANTES, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, TNF-, MCP-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1, and interferon (IFN)- at the mRNA level and prevented a severe inflammatory response [26]. Asia-Pacific Traditional Med. After 7 days of treatment, the main TCM syndrome scores (fever, fatigue, cough, dry throat, chest tightness), C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels in the LHQW group were significantly lower, and the white blood cell and lymphocyte counts were obviously higher than those in abidor group [44]. 17 (13), 6264. It is not registered as a COVID-19 medication, and a doctor's prescription is required for its use. [9], During the COVID-19 pandemic, the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) approved the use of Lianhua Qingwen for mild to moderate COVID-19 cases in January 2020, and promotes the use of the medicine abroad. Med. Its effects are partly due to its regulation on immunity functions, and inhibitory effects on virus replication and pro-inflammatory cytokines release. Business China. Nevertheless, there are also potential limitations that need to be improved for future challenges. H. Ohba [Crassulaceae; Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma] (85g), Mentha haplocalyx Briq. Received: 27 August 2021; Accepted: 06 January 2022;Published: 27 January 2022. Further evaluation revealed that LHQW significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells, markedly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-, IL-6, CCL-2/MCP-1 and CXCL-10/IP-10) production and resulted in abnormal particle morphology of virion in cells [30]. Chin. The results are expected to enhance its effectiveness against viruses. Meta-analysis in Clinical Trials. LHQW is one of the TCM formulations that have been officially approved to treat COVID-19 patients, which may be due to its antiviral, lung protection, and regulation of inflammation response as well as immune regulation actions (Fig. Ephedra increases heartbeat and blood pressure. Res. The China National Medical Products Administration agency has officially approved LHQW for the treatment of mild or ordinary COVID-19 pneumonia (Ahsan et al., 2020; Cao et al., 2020; Chan et al., 2020; Khan et al., 2020; Kupferschmidt and Cohen, 2020). 2020, 3196375. doi:10.1155/2020/3196375, Yao, K. T., Liu, M. Y., Li, X., Huang, J. H., and Cai, H. B. J. Eval. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistic. For thousands of years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in treating human diseases [[9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]]. [Fabaceae; Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma] (85g) (Rivera et al., 2014; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2021; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew science, 2021; The Plant List, 2021; Yiling Pharmaceutical, 2021). Recent data indicated that orally administered LHQW capsules (100400mg/kg/day) could alleviate IBV-induced pathological change and decrease the abnormal increased inflammatory cells in lung tissues, but did not reduce the lung viral load and mortality in mice [26]. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia between the LHQW group and the conventional drug group (RR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.141.82, p = 0.297). Our meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement (Moher et al., 2009), and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020224180). Overall, 61 chemical compounds of LHQW (including iridoids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, phenylpropanoids, triterpenoids, and other types) have been unambiguously or tentatively identified via rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Jia et al., 2015). In recent years, LHQW has been registered to obtain marketing authorization in Canada, Brazil, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, Kuwait and other countries under the designation Chinese patent medicine, medicine, physical natural health products, food supplement, modern botanical medicine or natural medicine (Yiling Pharmaceutical, 2020). Avoid prolonged use. Ren Y., Yao M.C., Huo X.Q., Gu Y., Zhu W.X., Qiao Y.J., Zhang Y.L. Wang F.C., Shen B.X., He C.Y., Zhao W.C., Nie S.L. 48 (3), 737762. World Health Organization Adverse Drug Reaction Terminology (2009). National Library of Medicine (Nat. Measuring Inconsistency in Meta-Analyses. Based on analysis of 40 cases of RCT, the clinical safety of LHQW was comprehensively examined, 163 adverse reactions were reported from 24 studies (Wang et al., 2013). As Chinese Pharmacopoeia records, LHQW consists of 13 ingredients: Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Study on treatment of "cytokine storm" by anti-2019-nCoV prescriptions based on arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.12016236.v1. Lianhua Qingwen combined with conventional antiviral Western Medicine may be a useful treatment for prediabetes. Five studies reported heart rate and arrhythmia as adverse events. It may benefit the treatment of COVID-19 by the signaling pathways such as advanced glycation end products (AGE)-receptor of AGE (RAGE), TNF, sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, IL-17 and human cytomegalovirus infection [41]. Subgroup analysis additionally revealed a reduced incidence of some adverse reactions in the LHQW group compared to the conventional drug group (Rash of skin and its appendage damage, dizziness or headache owing to nervous system damage, nausea or vomiting from gastrointestinal system damage and resurgence of disease from other adverse reactions). The mechanisms were mainly involved the antiviral activity, and regulation of inflammation response as well as immune function. BMJ. The current meta-analysis was conducted to systematically evaluate the security of LHQW compared with conventional drug in clinical application. Li J.Y., You Z., Wang Q., Zhou Z.J., Qiu Y., Luo R., Ge X.Y. Based Complement. The following aspects were assessed for each study: random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and other sources of bias. No adverse treatment-related effects were reported in all the included publications (from 2009 to 2011). Some notable dangerous reactions include heart attacks, strokes, seizures, and sudden deaths. We observed no significant alteration in the security evaluation indexes of treatment among different diseases. Traditional Med. It is urgent to develop effective drugs to contain and treat COVID-19. Lu Z.J., Wu L.Y., Mou Y.Y., Duan H.M., Chen R.C., Xiao Y., Zheng W.J. Lv R.B., Wang W.J., Li X. Adverse reaction may include symptoms, abnormal laboratory tests or sign or a cluster of atypical signs (Hallas et al., 1990), it was classified refer to the World Health Organization Adverse Drug Reaction Terminology (2009), for those that could not be identified as other adverse reactions. Disagreements were resolved by discussion among all reviewers. (Hongjingtian), Mentha haplocalyx Briq. Literature analysis of clinical application and adverse drug reaction/event of Lianhua Qingwen capsule. A number of advantages of our study should additionally be mentioned. Previous studies reported that Lianhua Qingwen might have positive effects, including broad-spectrum antiviral, cough and expectorant, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory, immune-regulating, effective antibacterial and other systemic intervention functions (Liu et al., 2010; Liu 2015; Wang, et al., 2015). Lianhua Qingwen Capsules/granules Product Details. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Wang L., Yang Z.H., Zhang H.R., Yu H.X., Yang K., Fu B.H., Yang H.T. To explore the material basis and mechanism of Lianhua Qingwen The control and improvement of the present COVID-19 situation in China could not be separated from the extensive participation of TCM, which has been proven effective by the clinical studies in COVID-19 patients [41,44,48,49]. Adverse Drug Reactions to Antibiotics Observed in Two Pulmonology Divisions of Catanzaro, Italy: a Six-Year Retrospective Study. Eval. In mice after infected with the flu virus FM1, LHQW capsule obviously increased IFN- content in lung homogenate and significantly reduced the levels of TNF-, IL-1 and IL-6 in lung tissues, and had inhibiting effect on the marked decrease of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ [31,32]. While the results from our study showed that LHQW has a potentially reduced incidence of adverse reactions in certain diseases and symptoms to a greater extent than conventional treatment, efficacy is an important consideration that should not be overlooked. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. Finally, all adverse reactions were described solely based on grouping of patients into treatment and control categories and no data were obtained according to gender stratification, which limited further analysis. Case reports, unrelated studies, those with duplicate data, reviews, commentaries and animal-based studies were excluded from the current meta-analysis. 14 (2), 6772. As the Financial Times report showed, these appeared to be serious conflicts of interest as the investments benefited from the PRC and HK governments' rapid approval and then widespread national & international promotion of Lianhua Qingwen and other suspect treatments for purportedly helping COVID-19 sufferers. ADVERSE REACTION Uncertainty. Till August 8, 2020, over 19,000,000 people have been confirmed infected and more than 700,000 people have died during this severe viral prevalence. Frontiers | The Adverse Reactions of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule/Granule Pharmacol. The main characteristics of the eligible studies are summarized in Supplementary Table S1, while the composition of LHQW and how LHQW were reported in the original studies presented in Supplementary Table S2. Kong Q., Wu Y., Gu Y., Lv Q., Qi F., Gong S., Chen X. 12 (08), 140141. aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of LH combined with usual treatment vs usual treatment alone in treating mild or moderate COVID-19 by a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557, Hu, C., Liang, M., Gong, F., He, B., Zhao, D., and Zhang, G. (2020). 66 (6), 771777. FIGURE 2. Guo H., Zhang Q.H., Yang J., Gong J.N., Zhao Y.S., Zhou X.P. Wang et al. Upon full text filtering of the remaining 715 citations, 498 were excluded due to a number of reasons (shown in Figure 1). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of abnormal white blood cells and reticuloendothelial system between the LHQW group and the conventional drug group (RR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.382.62, p = 1.000). 46 (5), 395400. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment of common pneumonia between the LHQW group and the conventional drug group (RR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.791.24, p = 0.927). Conclusion: The current study provides potential a reference for the security of LHQW.
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