Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 2379), better known as Pliny the Elder, mentioned in his Historia Naturalis that a counselor of the Roman Emperor Octavian Augustus introduced the Chinese date (jujube) for the first time from Syria to Italy; from there it was distributed to other Mediterranean countries and around the Black Sea basin13,14. J Shandong Agric Univ 31:9194, Liu JQ, Halik W, Wang GS, Kasim Y (2012) Study on temporal and spatial distribution rules of characteristic fruit industry resources in Xinjiang. Liu, D., Ye, X. HortScience48, 672680 (2013). Most species belong to Sect. Flora of China (Science Press, 2007). Liuyuexian. Hebei12, 19 (1989). A strategy combining WGS sequencing, BAC-to-BAC and WGS-PCR-free library was employed to address the impact of the high complexity of the jujube genome, which has a high heterozygosity of 1.90%, a low GC content of 33.41% and a high density of simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) (378.1 per Mb). Sci.32, 12531257 (2015). J. Hort. Jujube | Description, Tree, Fruit, & Species ), (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Romania. Wang, X., Shao, J., Zhang, X., Peng, S. & Wang, Y. Benefiting from late bud sprouting (~20 days later than peach), late flowering (June in North China) and a 2-month flowering period, jujube avoids late frosts and biennial bearing. The Chinese jujube tree always presents some unfavorable performances because its vegetative growth is very vigorous. Environ.11, 405409 (2013). Sin.36, 807813 (2009). During this period, jujube began to be introduced to neighboring countries in Asia, such as Japan and South Korea, and began to spread to Central Asia and Europe through the ancient Silk Road. Sci. PubMed Central After entering the 21st century, in the desert of southern Xinjiang Province, China, a novel cultivation model for high early yields and high fruit quality was established. & Xu, J. Eur. Hortic Res 7, 119 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-013-9609-x. Internet Explorer). Research methods should involve more new approaches, such as modern information technology and multiomics techniques. Sci.29, 366373 (2012). spinosa plants from leaf explants. of 0-100 cm jujube trees. A novel method for rapid in vivo induction of homogeneous polyploids via calluses in a woody fruit tree (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). However, the Rhamnaceae family was moved to the Rosales order in the APG III Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Classification based on chloroplast DNA sequencing (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III, 2009), which was further confirmed by phylogenic studies on the genome-sequenced plant species using 390 shared genes64. . Agrofor Syst 31:181198, Schroth G, Poidy N, Morshauser T, Zech W (1995) Effects of different methods of soil tillage and biomass application on crop yields and soil properties in agroforestry with high tree competition. Acta Hortic. (PDF) Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on root distribution and High-efficiency management systems for the main diseases and pests in jujube mentioned above have been established in China3,46,103. Zhang, F., Wang, J., Li, F., Liu, Z. Liu, P. et al. Qu et al. spinosa. Based on the challenges facing the jujube industry, we discuss eight research aspects to be focused on in the future. The evaluations have covered morphological, agronomical, cytological, palynological, nutritional, and reproductive biological traits, as well as biotic resistance and abiotic tolerance2,35,36,37. The cultivation of fresh jujubes in plastic shelters has resulted in great success in rainy southern China108; this method can greatly reduce the fruit cracking caused by rain at the maturity stage from 70 to <10%. Huang, J. et al. Sin.44, 195196 (2017). There appear to be at least 2, 16, and 6 scientific names for the jujube genus, the jujube and the sour jujube, respectively, due to different classification viewpoints and poor academic exchange in the past. Stnic, F. Rezultate preliminare privind micronmulirea in vitro a curmalului chinezesc (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Univ.4, 7275 (1984). Rep.7, 1025 (2017). Org.121, 423433 (2015). Evol.303, 413417 (2017). Aims Planting density is a major factor during the conversion of cropland to woodland in the semiarid hilly region of the Chinese Loess Plateau. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Zhao, A. et al. In the last 10 years, a high-efficiency hybrid breeding technology system combining male-sterile germplasm, embryo rescue, net control hybridization, and molecular identification was established. To date, more than 95% of jujube production is still concentrated in China, and scientific research on jujube is also mainly carried out in China. under a variety of conditions. Chireceanu, C., Iamandei, M., Stnic, F. & Chiriloaie, A. Effects of different treatments on storage quality of Dongzao jujube fruits during shelf-life period. Luo, Z. et al. J. Sin.20, 305306 (1993). Su, C., Liu, X., Yan, C., Bai., X. Genome sequencing is the golden key to unlocking the genetic code of life. Jinsixiaozao hort. Horticultur60, 16 (2017). should not be planted in the shade of other trees Soils: Jujubes tolerate many types of soils, but prefer a sandy, well-drained soils and do less well in heavy, poorly drained soil. Acta Hortic. Eng.3, 131136 (2016). (5) Macroscopic research on jujube is still quite weak, and the existing studies in nontraditional fields such as ecological and cultural studies and the integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries are insufficient. When the two plant species grow together interspecific interactions between them inevitably occur. Study on the content of polysaccharides in different cultivars, growing periods and organs in Chinese Jujube. A series of gene families and metabolisms responsive to phytoplasma infection were studied, showing that photosynthetic, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism play crucial roles during phytoplasma infection33 and that the MAPK-WRKY pathway is responsive to phytoplasma stress23,24,32. Agric. The raw fruits are high in vitamin C. Most are varieties of the common jujube (Z. jujuba), native to China, where they have been cultivated for more than 4,000 years. These findings may partly explain the interspecific competition effects in jujube tree/wheat agroforestry systems. Jujube tree roots showed a mainly downward trend and . CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 6177, Atkinson D, Johnson MG, Mattam D, Mercer ER (1978) The effect of orchard soil management on the uptake of nitrogen by established apple trees. Shandong Fruits17, 13 (1985). Liu, M. Advances in taxonomy study on the genus Ziziphus. What Makes a Root Produce a Sucker? & Li, X. Genome-wide identification of AP2/ERF superfamily genes and their expression during fruit ripening of Chinese jujube. Liu, M. The challenges and countermeasures of jujube industry during transition period. & Liu, M. Expression stabilities of candidate reference genes for RT-qPCR in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) It takes ~1 month for natural drying or air drying to be complete, while the time required can be reduced to 1 day or even less with artificial drying. Agrofor Syst 80:117129, Droppelmann KJ, Ephrath JE, Berliner PR (2000) Tree/crop complementarity in an arid zone runoff agroforestry system in northern Kenya. Liu, Y. et al. Agrofor Syst 48:6177, Jose S, Gillespie AR, Pallardy SG (2004) Interspecific interactions in temperate agroforestry. Agrofor Syst 13:143158, Reyes T, Quiroz R, Luukkanen O (2009) Spice crop agroforestry systems in the east Usambara Mountain, Tanzania: growth analysis. After 1995, research on jujube tissue culture increased rapidly, and tissue culture with stem tips, stem segments, leaves, anthers, embryos, and cotyledons as explants were all successful83,86,87,99,100. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. by high-performance liquid chromatography. Judging from old grafted jujube trees, grafting has been used for at least 1000 years. Wang, H. et al. Ideally, their root system wants to be kept slightly moist, but not wet. Based on the main contents of jujube research, the landmark achievements and the supporting role for jujube industry development, this period can be further subdivided into three stages3the period of recovery after World War II (19491978), the period of accelerating development (19791999), and the period of comprehensive development (20002019). Research methods should become more synergistic and internationalized. Until recently Chinese jujube was propagated primarily by root suckers. BMC Genomics18, 855 (2017). The third is The Illustrated Germplasm Resources of Jujube55, in which pictures and research data for 250 cultivars (57 table jujubes, 80 for dehydration, 82 for both dehydration and fresh eating, 17 for processing, and 14 ornamental varieties) were obtained from the National Chinese Jujube Repository (Taigu, Shanxi). Technol.37, 916 (2017). Based on the nationwide germplasm investigation, the National Chinese Jujube Repository was constructed in Taigu, Shanxi Province, by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Peoples Republic of China. Propagating jujubes. & Zhang, P. Study on respiration type of different cultivars of Chinese jujube fruit. quinequeflora Hort. proved that the best storage conditions for fresh jujube were at a temperature of 1 to 2C, relative humidity of 95%, 2% O2 and 0% CO2124. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology (2022), Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants (2022), Horticulture Research (Hortic Res) Google Scholar, Maghembe JA, Kaoneka ARS, Lulandala LLL (1986) Intercropping, weeding and spacing effects on growth and nutrient content in Leucaena leucocephala at Morogoro, Tanzania. Hefei: Anhui Agricultural University (2014). Jujube Trees (Chinese Date - Hong Zao) Zizyphus jujubaLi is a very popular variety of Jujube tree and it will produce fruit without cross pollination. China Fruits1, 14 (2018). Dried jujube (the main form) can be stored for more than 1 year at room temperature with proper insect control and for 23 years at 4C. However, in addition to the storage conditions, the duration of fresh jujube storage and the percentage of fruit losses are also influenced by the preharvest cultivation technology and directly by the pathogen load on the fruit in the orchard14,100,113,127,128. Stnic, F. Characterization of two Romanian local biotypes of Ziziphus jujuba. sending out suckers 30' feet away) so my main question is this: Are the roots strong enough to move/. Lingwuchangzao for Protected Cultivation. 3. Since no new gene fusions or multiple trait combinations are available in autopolyploidization and it is difficult to make large breakthroughs via selection breeding, there is no substitute for cross-breeding, and its advantages are also incomparable. Study on cultivated model of high efficiency and cultivated techniques for Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv Dongzao in Dali. Change of several nutrients in Jun jujube during drying process. The contents of vitamin C, cAMP, soluble sugars, titratable acids, sucrose, glucose, and fructose were significantly higher in tetraploid Riguang fruits than in diploid Dongzao fruits79. Eng.15, 237240 (1999). indicated that jujube was sensitive to CO2 and that fruit browning occurred quickly under the conditions of 10% CO2120. Good quality, stonelessness, high nutrient levels, and varied ripening times can satisfy consumers, whose demands have become increasingly critical and diversified. (4) Year-round fresh fruit supply: integrating the selection of cultivars with different maturation times, half-red harvesting, shelf life preservation, long-distance cold transportation, and long-term storage techniques such as controlled freezing-point storage, as well as protected cultivation, for advancing or delaying ripening and preventing fruit cracking.
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